​High-Density Interconnect (aka HDI) technology is gaining market approval lately as many electronics designers are trooping to get it. It is of note that HDI sales double that of its conventional lines based on the latest market trends. Ordinarily, any electronics designer must select the correct HDI PCB materials regardless of which application they are building. But with HDI, choosing the right equipment is particularly important because you are working with light, small, and powerful PCBs. The pitch is often below eight mils (equiv. 200um) while its aperture is usually below ten mils (equiv. 250um).

This section mainly describes PCB materials with low loss factor (Df) or dielectric loss tangent to reduce energy loss at high frequencies. For this reason, at least four types of HDI materials are suitable. Check them in the following sections.

• 4.1: Moderate speed and loss

These are currently the most popular PCB materials. They belong to the FR-4 family. Their ratio of dielectric constant to frequency response is not flat and therefore suffers from higher dielectric losses. Consequently, it can be found useful only for analog or digital applications that do not require high GHz.

• 4.2 High speed, low loss

This category of HDI materials has a Dk. to frequency curve flatter. The result is a significant low dielectric loss, which is up to half of what is obtainable with Medium Speed materials. Applications with approximately 0 GHz requirements will find it most useful.

• 4.3 High speed, low loss, high signal integrity

Dk's curve. The frequency is equally flat, and the dielectric loss is also quite small. Another advantage is that they eliminate unnecessary electrical noise common in other material categories.

• 4.4 High speed, shallow loss, high signal integrity, RF and microwave

Of all the HDI materials discussed, this type of Dk.to frequency curve is the flattest. Also, they have the lowest dielectric loss. This material category is most suitable for applications with GHz requirements up to 20.

​In principle, materials with lower Dk and Df. Values with excellent SI capabilities are the best choice for excellent HDI performance. Besides, the higher the quality of the required materials, the more money you are prepared to spend. Generally, high speed, a slight loss, high signal integrity, RF, and microwave materials are the most expensive categories.

You can order directly from Amazon, and it would get to your doorstep.

​Although HDI can indeed be improved, its advantages and applications are endless. HDI PCBs are now being adopted in almost all sectors, including the military, which has further increased their acceptability.

HDI technology is rapidly developing globally, and many applications are running on it. However, choosing the right dielectric material for it can be a daunting task. There are a few factors you need to consider before making your choice, and this is what we are trying to help you in this article. We do hope you find this information useful.

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Grove is a modular electronic platform for quick prototyping. Every module has one function, such as touch sensing, creating audio effect and so on. Just plug the modules you need to the base shield, then you are ready to test your idea buds.

This Grove - Starter Kit for Arduino is a perfect starter kit for Arduino begginers. It includes a Base Shield which have many Grove connectors on board, twelve Grove modules that covers most functions needed by a begginner and a very helpful user manual that can help get started quickly.

Buy if from here: https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Starter-Kit-for-Arduino-p-1855.html

Arduino Uno is the most popular Arduino board so far, however it is sometimes frustrating when your project requires a lot of sensors or Leds and your jumper wires are in a mess. The purpose of creating the Grove – Base Shield is to help you getting rid of bread board and jump wires. With the rich grove connectors on the base board, you can add all the grove modules to the Arduino Uno very conveniently!

Buy it from Seeed Studio: https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Starter-Kit-for-Arduino-p-1855.html

In the box you will find:
-Base Shield
-Grove - LCD RGB Backlight 
-Grove - Smart Relay 
-Grove - Buzzer 
-Grove - Sound Sensor 
-Grove - Touch Sensor 
-Grove - Rotary Angle Sensor 
-Grove - Temperature Sensor 
-Grove - LED 
-Grove - Light Sensor
-Grove - Button 
-DIP LED Blue-Blue
-DIP LED Green-Green 
-DIP LED Red-Red
-Mini Servo 
-Grove Cables 
-9V to Barrel Jack Adapter 
-Grove starter kit Manual 

You can also order the BME280 Barometer sensor from here: https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temp-Humi-Barometer-Sensor-BME280.html

Tutorial list:
​LED http://www.ardumotive.com/led-socket-kit-en.html
BUZZER http://www.ardumotive.com/buzzer-en.html
BUTTON http://www.ardumotive.com/button-with-buzzer-en.html
ROTARY http://www.ardumotive.com/rotary-angle-sensor-en.html
LCD http://www.ardumotive.com/lcd-rgb-backlight-with-temp-sensoren.html
TOUCH http://www.ardumotive.com/touch-sensor-with-leden.html
MIC http://www.ardumotive.com/sound-sensor-en.html
BAROMETER http://www.ardumotive.com/barometer-sensor-bme-280en.html
LIGHT http://www.ardumotive.com/light-sensor-en.html

Το Raspberry Pi 4 έφτασε πλήρως αναβαθμισμένο, ταχύτερο και αποδοτικότερο. Ένα νέο μοντέλο που αναμένεται να γίνει ο νέος σου επιτραπέζιος υπολογιστής. Η ταχύτητα και η απόδοση είναι τα δύο πιο σημαντικά στοιχεία που διαθέτει ο μικρο-επεξεργαστής. Πιο συγκεκριμένα μιλάμε για μία μνήμη RAM που βγαίνει σε 1,2 και 4 Gb ανάλογα με την έκδοση που προτιμάτε.

Συγκριτικά με το προηγούμενο μοντέλο δείχνει να έχει επενδύσει σημαντικά στο θέμα της τεχνολογικής εξέλιξης. Πιο αναλυτικά τα χαρακτηριστικά του είναι ως εξής:

• Επεξεργαστής: Broadcom BCM2711, 4-core Cortex 1.5 GHz
• Μνήμη RAM: 1, 2 και 4 Gb
• Bluetooth 5.0
• Ταχύτερη κατά 10 φορές μεταφορά δεδομένων με 2 θύρες USB 3.0
• 2 θύρες USB 2.0
• 2 micro- HDMI για υποστήριξη ανάλυσης ακόμα και 4K !
• Τροφοδοσία 5V με USB Type-C
• Με την παθητική ψύξη μπορεί να λειτουργεί σχεδόν αθόρυβα καταναλώνοντας χαμηλή ισχύ.

Κάτι που μας έκανε εντύπωση είναι όπως είδαμε και στα χαρακτηριστικά υπάρχουν δύο θύρες micro-HDMI που υποστηρίζουν ανάλυση 4K. Οπότε αν διαθέτετε οθόνη μεγάλης ευκρίνειας δεν θα έχετε κανένα απολύτως πρόβλημα. Φανταστείτε να το χρησιμοποιήσετε ως TV Box και να βλέπετε ταινίες σε 4K ανάλυση ή να μπορείτε με την χρήση κάποιου εξομοιωτή να παίζετε παιχνίδια χωρίς αυτά τα σπαστικά κολλήματα. Και μόνο στην σκέψη το κάνει άκρως εντυπωσιακό ! Σίγουρα όμως δεν θα λείπουν και τα ελαττώματα . Θα θέλαμε να μας γράψετε κάτω στα σχόλια αν αντιμετωπίσατε κάποιο πρόβλημα με το Raspberry Pi 4.

​Με λίγα λόγια μιλάμε για ένα πολύ γρήγορο, χρήσιμο αλλά και αποτελεσματικό Raspberry Pi που δεν θα λείψει από κανένα "έξυπνο" σπίτι.

The last two years I have made a lot of custom PCBs based on popular Arduino UNO board. For the electronic circuit schematic I am using the online platform EasyEDA.com. I really like it because it’s open source and you can easily find footprints for electronic parts and modules. You can also generate a PCB schematic and produce your own Arduino based board.

If you want to make a cheap but a very good quality PCB board, then you will have to use the JLCPCB.com! You can prototype your own double layer PCBs from only $2 ! The color selection is completely free!
 
As the JLCPCB is a professional PCB manufacture, it provides you a lot of options such as the type of surface finish, pcb thickness and laser stencil for your SMD designs.